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- $Title{Colonoscopy}
-
- A Medical Times Patient Education Chart
- (C) Romaine Pierson Publishers, Inc.
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Colonoscopy
-
- A colonoscope is a slender and flexible tube that can be used to examine
- the entire colon. The procedure, known as a colonoscopy, is not a routine
- examination, but may be recommended by your doctor to determine a source of
- bleeding or to diagnose polyps, cancer, and other conditions.
- Colonoscopy is particularly useful in diagnosing disease that is beyond
- the reach of a proctosigmoidoscope. A proctosigmoidoscope is shorter and more
- rigid and is used to examine the rectum and lower colon only. It can help
- find colon and rectal cancers early, and it is recommended that men and women
- over the age of 50 have a "procto" every one to five years, depending on the
- individual and the test results. If the results are not normal, your
- physician may recommend more extensive tests, including colonoscopy.
-
- Why is Colonoscopy Useful?
-
- The development of an instrument that can be used to view the entire
- colon has greatly improved the diagnosis and treatment of polyps, small
- projecting growths. Polyps, even tiny ones, can be located much more easily
- than with other methods. A wire loop can be passed through the scope and
- hooked around the base of a polyp. A current is applied and polyp is nipped
- off.
- Colonoscopy is also useful in determining the cause of bleeding, either
- bleeding from the rectum or hidden (also known as "occult") bleeding that has
- been detected by a stool blood slide test. The bleeding can be stopped with
- an electrical current, a heat probe, or a laser passed through the
- colonoscope.
- If other tests, such as the "procto" and stool blood slide test
- (mentioned above) or the barium enema, indicate problems may be present,
- colonoscopy may be used to look for other signs of bowel disease and possible
- cancerous growths. If an unusual growth is noted, the physician can take a
- sample of cells for later examination under a microscope, a procedure known as
- a biopsy. If cancer is diagnosed, colonoscopy can be used before surgery to
- determine the extent of the disease, and as a follow-up procedure to see if
- the growths in the colon have been completely removed and later, if they
- return.
-
- The Examination
-
- Your doctor may advise you to follow a liquid diet the day before the
- test and to not consume anything after midnight. Your doctor may also want
- you to have an enema the morning of the procedure. This will cleanse the
- bowel and permit better viewing of the walls of the colon. You may receive a
- mild sedative to relax you prior to the examination. For the examination, you
- lie on your left side, with a sheet draped over your lower body. Your doctor
- will gently insert the scope through the anus and rectum and into the colon.
- You may feel cramps, but these can be relieved by your doctor manipulating the
- scope and, if needed, by additional medication.
-